NAMPT
Salvage pathway
NAD+ is continuously regenerated from NMN, NR, and niacin. NAMPT is the rate-limiting enzyme that converts nicotinamide to NMN, keeping the pool topped up, the most-studied pathway in NAD+ research.
NAD+ Science
NAD+ is the cell's central redox coenzyme.
A dinucleotide coenzyme studied for its role in mitochondrial energy production, ageing, and metabolism. Below: the biochemistry of the salvage pathway, how the NAD+/NADH redox pair drives the cell, which enzymes consume the pool, and the questions researchers ask before ordering.
Last reviewed
Biochemistry
One coenzyme, three axes.
NAD+ is not an end in itself, it is the currency the cell pays with. The pool is built by the salvage pathway, carries electrons as a redox pair, and is consumed by enzymes that govern ageing and DNA repair. Researchers use the three axes to isolate individual steps in in-vitro work.
NAD+/NADH
NAD+/NADH redox pair
NAD+ accepts electrons to become NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, then releases them in the respiratory chain. The NAD+/NADH ratio reflects mitochondrial energy status in in-vitro models.
SIRT · PARP · CD38
NAD+-consuming enzymes
Sirtuins (SIRT1–7), PARP, and CD38 cleave NAD+ as they act on gene expression, DNA repair, and signalling. CD38 consumes a growing share of the pool with age.
Research applications
Where NAD+ turns up in research.
NAD+ research material is used across ageing and longevity research, metabolic research, mitochondrial studies, and analytical-method work. Nadera supplies it for laboratory study only, not for clinical or veterinary use.
Cell culture studies
Investigate cellular responses, the NAD+/NADH ratio, and mitochondrial function in controlled laboratory environments.
Enzyme kinetics
Study the activity of NAD+-dependent enzymes, sirtuins, PARP, and CD38, and how substrate availability affects their kinetics under defined in-vitro conditions.
Mitochondrial & metabolic studies
Examine redox balance, energy production, and metabolic signalling pathways where NAD+ is a cofactor, from glycolysis to the respiratory chain.
Biochemical assays
Perform analytical tests to measure NAD+ levels, coenzyme stability, and interaction kinetics with relevant assay panels.
Precursor comparison
NAD+ vs. NMN vs. NR.
Three candidates that feed the same pool, distinguished by where they enter the salvage pathway. Quick reference for materials sections and protocol notes.
| Compound | Role in the salvage pathway | Commonly used in research for |
|---|---|---|
NAD+ | The active coenzyme form | Direct study of redox, sirtuins, PARP, and CD38 |
NMN | Direct precursor (one step from NAD+) | Salvage-pathway and pool-rebuilding studies |
NR | Precursor converted to NMN | Bioavailability and NAD+-boosting research |
Frequently asked questions
NAD+ research questions.
Product-level questions about the compound, pen format, and research applications. For shipping, ordering, and compliance answers, see the full FAQ.
What is NAD+?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a dinucleotide coenzyme present in every cell that drives energy metabolism. It is studied for its role in redox reactions, mitochondrial function, and as a substrate for NAD+-consuming enzymes in in vitro laboratory research. Nadera supplies NAD+ as research reference material only, not for medical, veterinary, or diagnostic use.
What is NAD+ used for in research?
NAD+ research material is used in studies of redox balance, mitochondrial energy production, sirtuin and PARP enzyme kinetics, and ageing and metabolic research. Nadera does not supply NAD+ for medical use, clinical investigation, or veterinary application.
What's the difference between NAD+, NMN, and NR?
NAD+ is the active coenzyme form that the enzymes actually use. NMN is a direct precursor, one step away in the salvage pathway, and NR is converted to NMN before becoming NAD+. The three differ in where they enter the pathway, so they are studied for different questions about pool rebuilding and bioavailability.
What's the difference between research-grade and clinical NAD+?
Research-grade NAD+ is manufactured and supplied for in vitro laboratory study, not approved for clinical use. Clinical-grade material is produced under GMP for human trials and is not available outside approved clinical contexts. Nadera supplies research-grade material only.
Why does Nadera supply NAD+ in pre-filled pens instead of capsules or vials?
NAD+ is not well absorbed orally, capsules and powders give limited and variable bioavailability. A pre-filled pen bypasses that and delivers a controlled dose directly. Pens arrive pre-filled and stability-tested, removing reconstitution, bacteriostatic water, and dose calculations, and let researchers begin work the day pens arrive.
What's in each Nadera NAD+ pen?
Pens are available in 500 mg (1,695 kr) and 1000 mg (2,395 kr) sizes, pre-filled and ready to use. Each shipment includes the pen, a cold-chain box with temperature-monitoring insert, a handling insert with storage and use guidance, and lot documentation.
Citing Nadera
Using NAD+ in published research?
Compound-level reference data (formula, MW, purity) is available for the relevant lot. Contact the research team for a citation block formatted for materials sections.
Pre-filled NAD+ pens, direct from the wholesaler.
Cold-chain dispatch from an EU warehouse, no customs. Replacement on any deviation. First-order satisfaction guaranteed.